Copper (Cu) pollution has become a serious environmental problem especially in recent decades. In this study, the mechanisms of Bacillus coagulans (Weizmannia coagulans) XY2 against Cu-induced oxidative stress were explored through a dual model. In mice, Cu disturbed microbial community structure, revealing an increased level of Enterorhabdus abundance and decreased levels of Intestinimonas, Faecalibaculu, Ruminococcaceae and Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002 abundance. Meanwhile, B. coagulans (W. coagulans) XY2 intervention reversed this trend along with alleviated Cu-induced metabolic disturbances by increasing levels of hypotaurine and L-glutamate and declining levels of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. In Caenorhabditis elegans, nuclear translocation of DAF-16 and SKN-1 was inhibited by Cu, which in turn suppressed antioxidant-related enzymes activities. XY2 mitigated biotoxicity associated with oxidative damage caused by Cu exposure via regulating DAF-16/FoxO and SKN-1/Nrf2 pathways and intestinal flora to eliminate excess ROS. Our study provides a theoretical basis formulating future strategy of probiotics against heavy metal contamination.

尤其是近几十年来，铜（Cu）污染已成为一个严重的环境问题。本研究通过双重模型探讨了凝结芽孢杆菌（Weizmannia coagulans ）XY2对抗铜诱导的氧化应激的机制。在小鼠中，铜扰乱了微生物群落结构，显示肠杆菌属丰度水平增加，肠单胞菌属、Faecalibaculu、瘤胃球菌科和Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002丰度水平下降。与此同时，凝结芽孢杆菌（W. coagulans) XY2 干预扭转了这一趋势，并通过增加亚牛磺酸和L-谷氨酸水平以及降低磷脂酰胆碱和磷脂酰乙醇胺水平来减轻铜诱导的代谢紊乱。在秀丽隐杆线虫中，DAF-16 和 SKN-1 的核转位受到 Cu 的抑制，进而抑制抗氧化相关酶的活性。XY2 通过调节 DAF-16/FoxO 和 SKN-1/Nrf2 通路和肠道菌群消除过量的 ROS，减轻与铜暴露引起的氧化损伤相关的生物毒性。我们的研究为制定未来益生菌对抗重金属污染的策略提供了理论基础。