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Continental Crustal Growth Processes Recorded in the Gangdese Batholith, Southern Tibet
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences ( IF 14.9 ) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-earth-032320-110452 Di-Cheng Zhu 1 , Qing Wang 1 , Roberto F. Weinberg 2 , Peter A. Cawood 2 , Zhidan Zhao 1 , Zeng-Qian Hou 3 , Xuan-Xue Mo 1
Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences ( IF 14.9 ) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-earth-032320-110452 Di-Cheng Zhu 1 , Qing Wang 1 , Roberto F. Weinberg 2 , Peter A. Cawood 2 , Zhidan Zhao 1 , Zeng-Qian Hou 3 , Xuan-Xue Mo 1
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The continental crust in the overriding plate of the India-Asia collision zone in southern Tibet is characterized by an overthickened layer of felsic composition with an underlying granulite-eclogite layer. A large data set indicates that this crust experienced magmatism from 245 to 10 Ma, as recorded by the Gangdese Batholith. Magmatism was punctuated by flare-ups at 185−170, 90−75, and 55−45 Ma caused by a combination of external and internal factors. The growth of this crust starts with a period dominated by fractional crystallization and the formation of voluminous (ultra)mafic arc cumulates in the lower crust during subduction, followed by their melting during late-subduction and collision, due to changes in convergence rate. This combined accumulation-melting process resulted in the vertical stratification and density sorting of the Gangdese crust. Comparisons with other similarly thickened collision zones suggests that this is a general process that leads to the stabilization of continental crust. ▪ The Gangdese Batholith records the time-integrated development of the world's thickest crust, reaching greater than 50 km at 55–45 Ma and greater than 70 km after 32 Ma. ▪ The Gangdese Batholith records three magmatic flare-ups in response to distinct drivers; the last one at 55−45 Ma marks the arrival of India. ▪ Magmatism was first dominated by fractional crystallization (accumulation) followed by crustal melting: the accumulation-melting process. ▪ Accumulation-melting in other collision zones provides a general process for vertical stratification and stabilization of continental crust.
更新日期：2023-05-31
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