Recent progress made in the prediction, characterisation, and mitigation of multipactor discharge is reviewed for single- and two-surface geometries. First, an overview of basic concepts including secondary electron emission, electron kinetics under the force law, multipactor susceptibility, and saturation mechanisms is provided, followed by a discussion on multipactor mitigation strategies. These strategies are categorised into two broad areas – mitigation by engineered devices and engineered radio frequency (rf) fields. Each approach is useful in different applications. Recent advances in multipactor physics and engineering during the past decade, such as novel multipactor prediction methods, understanding space charge effects, schemes for controlling multipacting particle trajectories, frequency domain analysis, high frequency effects, and impact on rf signal quality are presented. In addition to vacuum electron multipaction, multipactor-induced ionization breakdown is also reviewed, and the recent advances are summarised.

中文翻译：

---

多重物理和缓解的最新进展

回顾了单表面和两个表面几何形状的多导体放电的预测、表征和缓解方面的最新进展。首先，概述了基本概念，包括二次电子发射、力定律下的电子动力学、多因子磁化率和饱和机制，然后讨论了多因子缓解策略。这些策略分为两大领域——工程设备缓解和工程射频 (rf) 场。每种方法在不同的应用中都有用。介绍了过去十年多粒子物理学和工程学的最新进展，例如新颖的多粒子预测方法、理解空间电荷效应、控制多粒子粒子轨迹的方案、频域分析、高频效应以及对射频信号质量的影响。除真空电子多重作用外，还回顾了多重多重作用引起的电离击穿，并总结了最新进展。