Recent studies suggest that heterogeneous bilingual experiences implicate different executive functions (EF) in children. Using a latent profile analysis, we conducted a more nuanced investigation of multifaceted bilingual experiences. By concurrently considering numerous bilingual indicators – age of L1 and L2 acquisition, interactional contexts of verbal exchanges, L1 and L2 proficiency, balance of language use at home and school, and receptive vocabulary – we identified three latent profiles (subgroups): balanced dual-language, dominant single-language, and mixed-interaction. We found that the balanced dual-language and dominant single-language profiles predicted significantly better switching than the mixed-interaction profile. However, no profile differences were found in working memory, prepotent response inhibition, or inhibitory control. These results held true when multiple covariates (age, sex, household income, and nonverbal intelligence) were controlled for. Using a person-centered approach, our study underscores that disparate bilingual experiences asymmetrically predict the shifting facet of EF during early childhood.

最近的研究表明，异质的双语体验暗示着儿童不同的执行功能（EF）。通过潜在的概况分析，我们对多方面的双语体验进行了更细致的调查。通过同时考虑众多双语指标——第一语言和第二语言习得的年龄、语言交流的互动环境、第一语言和第二语言的熟练程度、家庭和学校语言使用的平衡以及接受词汇——我们确定了三个潜在特征（亚组）：平衡双语-语言、占主导地位的单一语言和混合互动。我们发现，平衡的双语言和占主导地位的单语言配置文件比混合交互配置文件预测的切换效果明显更好。然而，在工作记忆、强效反应抑制或抑制控制方面没有发现差异。当控制多个协变量（年龄、性别、家庭收入和非语言智力）时，这些结果仍然成立。我们的研究采用以人为本的方法，强调不同的双语经历不对称地预测了幼儿期 EF 的变化。