### What you need to know More than 600 000 people attend emergency departments annually in England and Wales with a recent head injury.1 High quality early management for people with head injury can prevent death from secondary brain injury. Traumatic brain injury is the major contributor to death and disability resulting from major trauma. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) first published guidance on the assessment and early management of head injury in babies, children, young people, and adults in 2003 and last updated guidance in 2014.23 The key drivers for this update published in May 2023 include appraisal of new evidence concerning the role of tranexamic acid in people with head injury, the risks of bleeding after head injury in people taking anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy, and the need to consider hypopituitarism as both an immediate and delayed complication after head injury of any severity. This guideline summary will cover selected recommendations, focusing on those most relevant to primary, pre-hospital and emergency department care. ### Glossary of terms

中文翻译：

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颅脑损伤：评估和早期管理——更新后的 NICE 指南总结

### 您需要了解的信息 在英格兰和威尔士，每年有超过 600 000 人因最近的头部受伤而到急诊室就诊。1 对头部受伤的人进行高质量的早期管理可以防止继发性脑损伤导致的死亡。创伤性脑损伤是重大创伤导致死亡和残疾的主要原因。国家健康与护理卓越研究所 (NICE) 于 2003 年首次发布了有关婴儿、儿童、年轻人和成人头部损伤评估和早期管理的指南，最后一次更新指南是在 2014.23。此次更新的主要推动因素于 5 月发布2023 年包括评估有关氨甲环酸在颅脑损伤患者中的作用、接受抗凝和抗血小板治疗的患者颅脑损伤后出血风险的新证据，并且需要将垂体功能减退症视为任何严重程度的头部受伤后的即时和延迟并发症。本指南摘要将涵盖选定的建议，重点关注那些与初级、院前和急诊科护理最相关的建议。＃＃＃ 专业术语