Tungsten network reinforced functionally graded copper composites were prepared using an integrated 3D printing and infiltration technology to improve high temperature ablation properties of nuclear fusion divertor materials. The composites' ablation behavior was systematically investigated using an argon arc welding torch. Results showed that mass loss of composites was increased firstly but then decreased with the increase of ablation time. During ablation, evaporation of the melted copper reduces the local temperature of tungsten skeleton, whose high melting point also restrict the further evaporation of copper. These mechanisms significantly improve the ablative resistance of CuW gradient composite. Tungsten twinning structures were identified to form during ultra-high temperature (at 6273.15 K) ablation process in a cold environment in air. The formation of distinctive W twinning structures and gradient distribution of copper and tungsten skeleton were identified as the key mechanisms for the significantly enhanced ablation performance of the graded composite.

采用集成 3D 打印和渗透技术制备钨网络增强功能梯度铜复合材料，以提高核聚变偏滤器材料的高温烧蚀性能。使用氩弧焊枪系统地研究了复合材料的烧蚀行为。结果表明，随着烧蚀时间的增加，复合材料的质量损失先增加后减少。在烧蚀过程中，熔化铜的蒸发降低了钨骨架的局部温度，钨骨架的高熔点也限制了铜的进一步蒸发。这些机制显着提高了 CuW 梯度复合材料的烧蚀阻力。钨孪晶结构被确定在超高温期间形成（在 6273. 15 K) 空气中寒冷环境中的烧蚀过程。独特的 W 孪晶结构的形成以及铜和钨骨架的梯度分布被确定为梯度复合材料显着增强烧蚀性能的关键机制。