In a battery electric bus (BEB) network, buses are scheduled to perform timetabled trips while satisfying time, energy consumption, charging, and operational constraints. Increasing research efforts have been dedicated to the integrated optimization of multiple planning tasks to reduce system costs. At a high integration level, this study determines the BEB scheduling and charging planning with flexible charging and timetable shifting strategies. We first formulate an integrated arc-based model to minimize the total costs considering the power grid pressure cost and subsequently reformulate it into a two-stage model, for which we develop an effective solution method. The first stage minimizes the total operational costs including the fleet, charging, and battery degradation costs based on the column generation technique, and the second stage minimizes the peak power demand through two timetable shifting strategies. It is found through numerical experiments that the proposed integrated optimization model and solution method can achieve significant improvement in the utilization rate and reductions in the fleet size, operational costs, and peak power demand compared to the two baseline models.

在电池电动公交车 (BEB) 网络中，公交车被安排执行时间表行程，同时满足时间、能源消耗、充电和运营约束。越来越多的研究工作致力于多个规划任务的集成优化，以降低系统成本。在高度集成的水平上，本研究确定了具有灵活充电和时间表转移策略的 BEB 调度和充电规划。我们首先制定一个基于电弧的综合模型，以最小化考虑电网压力成本的总成本，然后将其重新制定为两阶段模型，为此我们开发了一种有效的解决方法。第一阶段基于列生成技术最小化总运营成本，包括车队、充电和电池退化成本，第二阶段通过两种时间表转移策略最小化峰值电力需求。通过数值实验发现，与两种基线模型相比，所提出的集成优化模型和求解方法可以显着提高利用率，减少车队规模、运营成本和峰值电力需求。