This paper addresses the congestion management issues of a bottleneck-constrained highway system with manned vehicles (MVs) and autonomous vehicles (AVs). A novel model that incorporates the in-vehicle activity utilities and activity type choices of AV commuters is presented for analyzing the equilibrium of the bi-modal bottleneck system with MVs and AVs. Time-varying and step tolling schemes accounting for the effects of in-vehicle activity utilities are analytically explored. In particular, a differentiated and a non-differentiated (or anonymous) step tolling scheme for the mixed MV and AV traffic system are analyzed and compared. The differentiated step tolling scheme means different toll levels across MV and AV commuters, whereas the non-differentiated step tolling scheme means an identical toll level for both the MV and AV commuters. The results show that a queuing segregation phenomenon occurs between the MV and AV commuters. The optimal AV proportion solution that minimizes the total social cost of the mixed MV and AV system exists. For a pure MV or AV system, the optimal step toll scheme can eliminate exactly half of the total queuing delay with the no-toll equilibrium for each of the differentiated and non-differentiated step tolling schemes. However, for a mixed MV and AV system, the queuing removal rate of the optimal differentiated step tolling scheme would exceed a half, whereas that of the optimal non-differentiated step tolling scheme may be lower than a half. The differentiated step tolling scheme outperforms the non-differentiated step tolling scheme in terms of total social cost and queuing removal rate.

本文解决了有人驾驶车辆 (MV) 和自动驾驶车辆 (AV) 的瓶颈约束高速公路系统的拥堵管理问题。提出了一种结合了 AV 通勤者的车内活动效用和活动类型选择的新模型，用于分析具有 MV 和 AV 的双峰瓶颈系统的平衡。分析探讨了考虑车内活动效用影响的时变和分步收费方案。特别是，对混合 MV 和 AV 交通系统的区分和非区分（或匿名）计步收费方案进行了分析和比较。差异化阶梯收费方案意味着 MV 和 AV 通勤者的收费水平不同，而非差异化阶梯收费方案意味着 MV 和 AV 通勤者的收费水平相同。结果表明，MV和AV通勤者之间存在排队隔离现象。存在最小化混合 MV 和 AV 系统的总社会成本的最佳 AV 比例解决方案。对于纯 MV 或 AV 系统，最优阶梯收费方案可以消除恰好一半的总排队延迟，并且对于每个有区别的和无差别的阶梯收费方案都没有通行费均衡。然而，对于混合MV和AV系统，最优区分阶梯收费方案的排队去除率将超过一半，而最优非区分阶梯收费方案的排队去除率可能低于一半。区分阶梯收费方案在总社会成本和排队移除率方面优于非区分阶梯收费方案。