Climate variability affects agricultural production systems and rural communities, generating risks to food security and increasing rural poverty. Therefore, improving the capacity of rural households to adapt to climate variability has become one of the greatest challenges for international and national institutions. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of rural households’ livelihood strategies with regard to their vulnerability and adaptation to climate variability. We systematically selected 162 rural households from 10 municipalities in the department of Huila (Colombia). Households were grouped according to their livelihood strategies, using 13 variables representative of their productive characteristics. Subsequently, three indices related to climate vulnerability were determined: a. exposure (climate variability between 1990 and 2012), b. sensitivity, and c. adaptive capacity. For the latter two, the community capitals framework was used. Using the three indices above, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s proposed vulnerability index was determined. We found seven livelihood strategies: i. Cattlemen-Cocoa Farmers, ii. Livestock-Cocoa Farmers, iii. Employees-Cocoa Farmers, iv. Cocoa Farmers, v. Diversified Farmers, vi. Landlords-Cocoa Farmers and vii. Coffee Farmers. Degree of vulnerability to climate variability was related to the livelihood strategy of rural households: those best endowed with capitals and with the most diverse livelihood strategies were the least vulnerable (Cattlemen-Cocoa Farmers and Livestock-Cocoa Farmers). While it is necessary to maintain a balance between capitals in the process of adapting to climate variability in rural households, at the community level it is essential to strengthen political capital, which will make it possible to construct and reinforce strategies for adapting to climate variability.

气候多变影响农业生产系统和农村社区，给粮食安全带来风险并加剧农村贫困。因此，提高农村家庭适应气候变化的能力已成为国际和国家机构面临的最大挑战之一。本研究的目的是分析农村家庭生计策略对其脆弱性和适应气候变化的影响。我们系统地选择了威拉省（哥伦比亚）10 个城市的 162 个农村家庭。家庭根据其生计策略进行分组，使用 13 个代表其生产特征的变量。随后，确定了三个与气候脆弱性相关的指数：暴露（1990 年至 2012 年之间的气候变化），b。敏感性，和c。适应能力。对于后两者，使用了社区资本框架。使用上述三个指数，确定了政府间气候变化专门委员会提议的脆弱性指数。我们发现了七种生计策略：牧民-可可农，ii。牲畜-可可农，iii。员工-可可农，iv。Cocoa Farmers，v. Diversified Farmers，vi。地主-可可农民和vii。咖啡农。易受气候变化影响的程度与农村家庭的生计策略有关：那些最有资本和最多样化生计策略的家庭最不容易受到影响（牧民-可可农和牲畜-可可农）。