Background

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) remains a promising exercise mode in managing cardiometabolic health. Large-scale analyses are necessary to understand its magnitude of effect on important cardiometabolic risk factors and inform guideline recommendations.

Objective

We aimed to perform a novel large-scale meta-analysis on the effects of HIIT on cardiometabolic health in the general population.

Methods

PubMed (MEDLINE), the Cochrane library and Web of Science were systematically searched. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published between 1990 and March 2023 were eligible. Research trials reporting the effects of a HIIT intervention on at least one cardiometabolic health parameter with a non-intervention control group were considered.

Results

This meta-analysis included 97 RCTs with a pooled sample size of 3399 participants. HIIT produced significant improvements in 14 clinically relevant cardiometabolic health parameters, including peak aerobic capacity (VO₂) [weighted mean difference (WMD): 3.895 ml min⁻¹ kg⁻¹, P < 0.001), left ventricular ejection fraction (WMD: 3.505%, P < 0.001), systolic (WMD: − 3.203 mmHg, P < 0.001) and diastolic (WMD: − 2.409 mmHg, P < 0.001) blood pressure, resting heart rate (WMD: − 3.902 bpm, P < 0.001) and stroke volume (WMD: 9.516 mL, P < 0.001). Body composition also significantly improved through reductions in body mass index (WMD: − 0.565 kg m⁻², P < 0.001), waist circumference (WMD: − 2.843 cm, P < 0.001) and percentage body fat (WMD: − 0.972%, P < 0.001). Furthermore, there were significant reductions in fasting insulin (WMD: − 13.684 pmol L⁻¹, P = 0.004), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (WMD: − 0.445 mg dL⁻¹, P = 0.043), triglycerides (WMD: − 0.090 mmol L⁻¹, P = 0.011) and low-density lipoprotein (WMD: − 0.063 mmol L⁻¹, P = 0.050), concurrent to a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (WMD: 0.036 mmol L⁻¹, P = 0.046).

Conclusion

These results provide further support for HIIT in the clinical management of important cardiometabolic health risk factors, which may have implications for physical activity guideline recommendations.

中文翻译：

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一般人群的高强度间歇训练和心脏代谢健康：随机对照试验的系统回顾和荟萃分析

背景

高强度间歇训练（HIIT）仍然是管理心脏代谢健康的一种有前途的运动模式。有必要进行大规模分析，以了解其对重要心脏代谢危险因素的影响程度并为指南建议提供信息。

客观的

我们的目的是对 HIIT 对普通人群心脏代谢健康的影响进行一项新颖的大规模荟萃分析。

方法

对 PubMed (MEDLINE)、Cochrane 图书馆和 Web of Science 进行了系统检索。1990 年至 2023 年 3 月期间发表的随机对照试验 (RCT) 符合资格。考虑了报告 HIIT 干预对至少一项心脏代谢健康参数的影响以及非干预对照组的研究试验。

结果

这项荟萃分析包括 97 项随机对照试验，汇总样本量为 3399 名参与者。HIIT 显着改善了 14 项临床相关心脏代谢健康参数，包括峰值有氧能力 (VO ₂ ) [加权平均差 (WMD)：3.895 ml min ⁻¹  kg ⁻¹，P  < 0.001）、左心室射血分数（WMD：3.505） %，P  < 0.001）、收缩压（WMD：− 3.203 mmHg，P  < 0.001）和舒张压（WMD：− 2.409 mmHg，P  < 0.001）血压、静息心率（WMD：− 3.902 bpm，P  < 0.001）和每搏输出量（WMD：9.516 mL，P  < 0.001）。通过降低体重指数（WMD：− 0.565 kg m ⁻²，P  < 0.001）、腰围（WMD：− 2.843 cm，P  < 0.001）和体脂百分比（WMD：− 0.972％，P  < 0.001）。此外，空腹胰岛素（WMD：− 13.684 pmol L ⁻¹，P  = 0.004）、高敏C反应蛋白（WMD：− 0.445 mg dL ⁻¹，P  = 0.043）、甘油三酯（WMD： − 0.090 mmol L ⁻¹，P  = 0.011）和低密度脂蛋白（WMD：− 0.063 mmol L ⁻¹，P  = 0.050），同时高密度脂蛋白显着增加（WMD：0.036 mmol L ⁻¹，P  = 0.046）。

结论

这些结果为 HIIT 在重要心脏代谢健康风险因素的临床管理中提供了进一步支持，这可能对身体活动指南建议产生影响。