Fungi produce diverse metabolites that can have antimicrobial, antifungal, antifeedant, or psychoactive properties. Among these metabolites are the tryptamine-derived compounds psilocybin, its precursors, and natural derivatives (collectively referred to as psiloids), which have played significant roles in human society and culture. The high allocation of nitrogen to psiloids in mushrooms, along with evidence of convergent evolution and horizontal transfer of psilocybin genes, suggest they provide a selective benefit to some fungi. However, no precise ecological roles of psilocybin have been experimentally determined. The structural and functional similarities of psiloids to serotonin, an essential neurotransmitter in animals, suggest that they may enhance the fitness of fungi through interference with serotonergic processes. However, other ecological mechanisms of psiloids have been proposed. Here, we review the literature pertinent to psilocybin ecology and propose potential adaptive advantages psiloids may confer to fungi.

真菌产生多种具有抗菌、抗真菌、拒食或精神活性特性的代谢物。这些代谢物包括色胺衍生化合物裸盖菇素、其前体和天然衍生物（统称为裸盖菇素），它们在人类社会和文化中发挥了重要作用。蘑菇中氮向裸盖菌的大量分配，以及裸盖菇素基因趋同进化和水平转移的证据表明，它们为某些真菌提供了选择性益处。然而，裸盖菇素的确切生态作用尚未通过实验确定。赛螺菌与血清素（动物体内一种重要的神经递质）的结构和功能相似，表明它们可以通过干扰血清素能过程来增强真菌的适应性。然而，人们还提出了赛类的其他生态机制。在这里，我们回顾了与赛洛西宾生态学相关的文献，并提出了赛洛西宾可能赋予真菌的潜在适应性优势。