This work studies the mechanisms of shape and surface property effects on multiphase displacement enhancement by nanoparticle suspensions in porous media. Three representative nanoparticles with promising industry applications, namely silica nanoparticles, graphene oxide and hydroxylated carbon nanotubes have been considered comprehensively. The correspondence between particle shape and surface property, interfacial adsorption behaviors, and displacement patterns has been analyzed systematically. Significant differences in adsorption tendencies and consequences are revealed via adsorption characterizations with theoretical derivations and microscopic modeling. For liquid–liquid interfacial adsorption, sheet-like and fibrous shapes with amphiphilicity are more beneficial to adsorption and retention at interface, which promotes dynamic interfacial tension reduction and emulsion stabilization. For solid surface adsorption, spherical and fibrous shapes with hydrophilicity are more favorable for formation of nanoscale rough structures, which induces the development and maintenance of wetting films. Visualization and quantification of multiphase displacement in complex structures via microfluidic experiments enable us to evaluate the relative performances and unravel displacement enhancement modes. Hydroxylated carbon nanotubes exhibit optimal performance, followed by graphene oxide and then silica nanoparticles, with clear distinction in interfacial phenomena. Enhanced liquid–liquid interfacial adsorption behaviors result in the invasion into un-swept regions with sweeping efficiency enhancement, whereas enhanced solid surface adsorption behaviors drive the detachment of defending phase in the form of isolated ganglia.

这项工作研究了形状和表面特性对多孔介质中纳米颗粒悬浮液增强多相驱替的影响机制。综合考虑了具有前景的工业应用的三种代表性纳米颗粒，即二氧化硅纳米颗粒、氧化石墨烯和羟基化碳纳米管。系统地分析了颗粒形状与表面性质、界面吸附行为和位移模式之间的对应关系。通过理论推导和微观建模的吸附表征揭示了吸附趋势和后果的显着差异。对于液-液界面吸附，具有两亲性的片状和纤维状更有利于界面处的吸附和保留，促进动态界面张力降低和乳液稳定。对于固体表面吸附，具有亲水性的球形和纤维状更有利于纳米级粗糙结构的形成，从而诱导润湿膜的形成和维持。通过微流体实验对复杂结构中的多相位移进行可视化和量化，使我们能够评估相关性能并揭示位移增强模式。羟基化碳纳米管表现出最佳性能，其次是氧化石墨烯，然后是二氧化硅纳米粒子，界面现象明显不同。增强的液-液界面吸附行为导致侵入未波及区域，波及效率提高，