Wildfires in the western United States are mobilizing PM2.5-associated nutrients and may be contributing to downwind cyanobacteria blooms,Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts

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Wildfires in the western United States are mobilizing PM2.5-associated nutrients and may be contributing to downwind cyanobacteria blooms
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2023-05-15 , DOI: 10.1039/d3em00042g
Nicole E Olson ₁ , Katie L Boaggio ₂ , R Byron Rice ₁ , Kristen M Foley ₁ , Stephen D LeDuc ₁

Affiliation

Wildfire activity is increasing in the continental U.S. and can be linked to climate change effects, including rising temperatures and more frequent drought conditions. Wildfire emissions and large fire frequency have increased in the western U.S., impacting human health and ecosystems. We linked 15 years (2006–2020) of particulate matter (PM_2.5) chemical speciation data with smoke plume analysis to identify PM_2.5-associated nutrients elevated in air samples on smoke-impacted days. Most macro- and micro-nutrients analyzed (phosphorus, calcium, potassium, sodium, silicon, aluminum, iron, manganese, and magnesium) were significantly elevated on smoke days across all years analyzed. The largest percent increase was observed for phosphorus. With the exception of ammonium, all other nutrients (nitrate, copper, and zinc), although not statistically significant, had higher median values across all years on smoke vs. non-smoke days. Not surprisingly, there was high variation between smoke impacted days, with some nutrients episodically elevated >10 000% during select fire events. Beyond nutrients, we also explored instances where algal blooms occurred in multiple lakes downwind from high-nutrient fires. In these cases, remotely sensed cyanobacteria indices in downwind lakes increased two to seven days following the occurrence of wildfire smoke above the lake. This suggests that elevated nutrients in wildfire smoke may contribute to downwind algal blooms. Since cyanobacteria blooms can be associated with the production of cyanotoxins and wildfire activity is increasing due to climate change, this finding has implications for drinking water reservoirs in the western United States, and for lake ecology, particularly alpine lakes with otherwise limited nutrient inputs.

中文翻译：

美国西部的野火正在动员与 PM2.5 相关的营养物质，并可能导致顺风蓝藻大量繁殖

美国大陆的野火活动正在增加，可能与气候变化的影响有关，包括气温上升和更频繁的干旱情况。美国西部野火排放和大规模火灾频率增加，影响人类健康和生态系统。我们将 15 年（2006 年至 2020 年）的颗粒物 (PM _2.5 ) 化学形态数据与烟羽分析联系起来，以确定受烟雾影响的日子空气样本中与 PM _2.5相关的营养物质含量升高。分析的所有年份中，大多数常量和微量营养素（磷、钙、钾、钠、硅、铝、铁、锰和镁）在吸烟日显着升高。磷的增幅最大。除铵之外，所有其他营养素（硝酸盐、铜和锌）虽然在统计上不显着，但在所有年份中，吸烟日的中值均高于无烟日的中值。毫不奇怪，受烟雾影响的日子之间存在很大差异，在某些火灾事件期间，某些营养物质会间歇性升高 >10 000%。除了营养物质之外，我们还探讨了高营养物质火灾下风向的多个湖泊中发生藻类大量繁殖的情况。在这些情况下，在湖上空出现野火烟雾后两到七天内，顺风湖中的遥感蓝藻指数增加。这表明野火烟雾中营养物质的增加可能导致顺风藻类大量繁殖。由于蓝藻的大量繁殖可能与蓝藻毒素的产生有关，而且气候变化导致野火活动增加，这一发现对美国西部的饮用水水库和湖泊生态具有重要意义，特别是养分输入有限的高山湖泊。

更新日期：2023-05-15

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