Most cognate research suggests facilitation effects in picture naming, but how these effects manifest in bilinguals after brain damage remains unclear. Additionally, whether this effect is captured in clinical measures is largely unknown. Using data from the Boston Naming Test, we examined the naming of cognates and noncognates, the extent of cognate facilitation produced, and the individual differences in bilingual language experience associated with naming outcomes in forty Spanish–English bilingual persons with aphasia (BPWA) relative to thirty-one Spanish–English healthy bilinguals (HB). Results suggest that naming performance in L1 and L2 in both groups is modulated by lexical frequency, bilingual language experience, and by language impairment in BPWA. Although the two groups showed similarities, they deviated in benefit drawn from the extent of phoneme/grapheme overlap in cognate items. HB showed an association between cognate facilitation and bilingual language experience, while cognate facilitation in BPWA was only associated with L2 language impairment.

大多数同源研究表明图片命名具有促进作用，但这些作用在脑损伤后如何在双语者中体现仍不清楚。此外，这种效应是否在临床测量中得到体现在很大程度上尚不清楚。使用波士顿命名测试的数据，我们检查了 40 名西英双语失语症患者 (BPWA) 的同源和非同源命名、同源促进程度以及与命名结果相关的双语语言体验的个体差异。三十一名西班牙语-英语健康双语者 (HB)。结果表明，两组的 L1 和 L2 命名表现均受到词汇频率、双语语言经验和 BPWA 语言障碍的调节。尽管两组表现出相似性，但他们从同源项目中音素/字素重叠程度中获得的益处有所不同。 HB 显示同源促进与双语语言体验之间存在关联，而 BPWA 中的同源促进仅与 L2 语言障碍相关。