Abstract

Seeking to understand and reduce partisan hostility, we propose that humans evolved to benefit from cultural societies. Societies perform two crucial tasks, which have grown apart and are now championed by political opponents: (1) amassing resources, and (2) distributing resources. The political right focuses on amassing resources, whereas the political left focuses on redistributing resources. Both tasks are needed for society to flourish, but they foster contrary policies. This explains how left and right disagree on moral emphases, attitudes about time, rights versus responsibilities, manipulative strategies, and societal enemies—and why sharing or alternation in power benefits society. Market economies use incentives to create wealth, but these increase inequality. We hope our theory will help foster mutual respect among those on the left and right as both sides come to appreciate what the other side does to benefit society.

摘要

为了理解和减少党派敌意，我们建议人类进化为从文化社会中受益。社会执行两项重要任务，它们已经分崩离析，现在受到政治对手的支持：(1) 积累资源，以及 (2) 分配资源。政治右翼侧重于积累资源，而政治左翼侧重于重新分配资源。这两项任务都是社会繁荣所必需的，但它们助长了相反的政策。这解释了左派和右派如何在道德重点、对时间的态度、权利与责任、操纵策略和社会敌人方面存在分歧——以及为什么权力的分享或更替对社会有益。市场经济利用激励措施创造财富，但这些措施加剧了不平等。