The Marshall Plan (1948–1952) was the largest aid transfer in history. This paper estimates its effects on Italy’s postwar economic development. It exploits differences between Italian provinces in the value of reconstruction grants they received. Provinces that could modernize their infrastructure more quickly experienced higher increases in agricultural production, especially for perishable crops. In the same provinces, we observe larger investments in labor-saving machines, the entry of more firms into the industrial sector, and a larger expansion of the industrial and service workforces.

中文翻译：

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重建援助、公共基础设施和经济发展：以意大利马歇尔计划为例

马歇尔计划（1948-1952）是历史上最大的援助转移。本文估计了它对意大利战后经济发展的影响。它利用了意大利各省在收到的重建补助金价值上的差异。能够更快实现基础设施现代化的省份的农业产量增长更快，尤其是易腐烂的农作物。在同一省份，我们观察到对省力机器的更大投资，更多公司进入工业部门，以及工业和服务业劳动力的更大扩张。