One of the greatest concerns in the subzero storage of cells, tissues, and organs is the ability to control the nucleation or recrystallization of ice. In nature, evidence of these processes, which aid in sustaining internal temperatures below the physiologic freezing point for extended periods of time, is apparent in freeze-avoidant and freeze-tolerant organisms. After decades of studying these proteins, we now have easily accessible compounds and materials capable of recapitulating the mechanisms seen in nature for biopreser-vation applications. The output from this burgeoning area of research can interact synergistically with other novel developments in the field of cryobiology, making it an opportune time for a review on this topic.

中文翻译：

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控制冰成核和再结晶的工程化合物

细胞、组织和器官的零度以下储存中最令人担忧的问题之一是控制冰成核或再结晶的能力。在自然界中，这些过程有助于将内部温度长时间维持在生理冰点以下，这些过程的证据在防冻和耐冻生物体中是显而易见的。经过数十年对这些蛋白质的研究，我们现在已经拥有易于获得的化合物和材料，能够重现自然界中所见的生物保存应用机制。这一新兴研究领域的成果可以与低温生物学领域的其他新颖发展相互作用，从而成为对该主题进行回顾的最佳时机。