Do children consider how others learned when seeking help? Across three experiments, German children (N = 536 3-to-8 year olds, 49% female, majority White, tested 2017–2019) preferred to learn from successful active learners selectively by context: They sought help solving a problem from a learner who had independently discovered the solution to a previous problem over those who had learned through instruction or observation, but only when the current problem was novel, yet related, to the learners' problem (Experiment 1). Older, but not younger, children preferred the active learner even when she was offered help (Experiment 2), though only when her discovery was deliberate (Experiment 3). Although a preference to learn from successful active learners emerges early, a genuine appreciation for process beyond outcome increases across childhood.

中文翻译：

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孩子们根据别人的学习方式寻求帮助

孩子们在寻求帮助时会考虑别人是如何学到的吗？在三项实验中，德国儿童（N  = 536 名 3 至 8 岁儿童，49% 为女性，大多数为白人，2017-2019 年测试）更喜欢根据情境有选择地向成功的主动学习者学习：他们向学习者寻求解决问题的帮助与那些通过指导或观察学习的人相比，他们独立地发现了先前问题的解决方案，但前提是当前的问题是新颖的，但与学习者的问题相关（实验 1）。年纪大一点的孩子更喜欢积极主动的学习者，即使她得到了帮助（实验 2），但前提是她的发现是经过深思熟虑的（实验 3）。尽管向成功的积极学习者学习的偏好很早就出现了，但在整个童年时期，对过程而非结果的真正欣赏会增加。