Theories derived from the ontological, posthumanist, or the new materialist turn have been increasingly employed in various fields within archaeology in the past decade. Recently, Roman archaeology also picked up on these theories: however, critical integration as well as more theoretical refinement is necessary to show the real potential of such theories. New materialism is not about writing a ‘history of objects’, but about a better ontological positioning of the non-human and human otherness. For Roman archaeology it can therefore be a powerful tool to broaden our perspectives on material culture and diverse social issues such as inequality, marginalized communities, slavery and coloniality. In this paper I will show how we can regard ontological fluidity in the Roman world through a new theoretical lens.

在过去的十年里，源自本体论、后人类主义或新唯物主义转向的理论越来越多地应用于考古学的各个领域。最近，罗马考古学也开始关注这些理论：然而，需要批判性的整合以及更多的理论完善来展示这些理论的真正潜力。新唯物主义并不是要书写“物体的历史”，而是要对非人类和人类的差异性进行更好的本体论定位。因此，对于罗马考古学来说，它可以成为一个强大的工具，拓宽我们对物质文化和各种社会问题（如不平等、边缘化社区、奴隶制和殖民主义）的看法。在本文中，我将展示我们如何通过新的理论视角来看待罗马世界的本体论流动性。