This paper falls into three parts. The first looks at wh-constructions, focussing on the so-called factual whs, ‘X knows where… ’, ‘when’, ‘who’, ‘what’ etc. I suggest, drawing on both linguistic considerations and evidence from developmental psychology, that these constructions take things as their objects, not propositions; and that this may be why they are learned before those taking sentential complements. The second part moves to the case of telling-wh: to constructions such as telling someone who is at the door. This construction brings a very particular set of requirements, not just to tell the truth, but to tell all the relevant truths and nothing but. The third section, in a critical discussion of Katherine Hawley's work, argues that an account of trust and testimony focussing on the telling-wh construction brings better results than one focussed on the blander idea of assertion.

中文翻译：

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知道，告诉，信​​任

本文分为三个部分。第一个着眼于 wh-constructions，侧重于所谓的事实 whs，“X 知道在哪里……”、“何时”、“谁”、“什么”等。我建议，借鉴语言方面的考虑和发展心理学的证据，这些结构以事物为对象，而不是命题；这可能就是为什么他们先于那些接受句子补语的人学习的原因。第二部分转移到 telling-wh 的情况：转移到 telling someone who is at the door 等结构。这种结构带来了一组非常特殊的要求，不仅要说实话，还要说出所有相关的真相，仅此而已。第三部分，在对凯瑟琳霍利作品的批判性讨论中，