OBJECTIVE Black people are disproportionately targeted and disadvantaged in the criminal legal system. We tested whether Black exonerees are similarly disadvantaged by the stigma of wrongful conviction. HYPOTHESES In Experiment 1, we predicted that the stigma of wrongful conviction would be greater for Black than White exonerees. After finding the opposite pattern, we conducted two experiments to investigate the psychological underpinnings of this counterintuitive effect-specifically, whether it was driven by attempts to appear unprejudiced and/or beliefs regarding the legal system bias that Black and White exonerees face. METHOD In Experiment 1, we unobtrusively measured non-Black participants' behavioral reactions to an anticipated meeting with a Black or White exoneree or businessman. In Experiment 2, participants completed measures that assessed their motivation to appear unprejudiced and then, in a separate session, evaluated a Black or White exoneree and reported their beliefs about the legal system bias faced by the exoneree. Experiment 3 was a partial replication of Experiment 2. In Experiments 2 and 3, we examined data from both non-Black and Black participants. RESULTS Non-Black participants in Experiment 1 stigmatized the White exoneree, d = -0.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) [-0.72, 0.10], but not the Black exoneree, d = 0.44, 95% CI [0.04, 0.83]. Experiments 2 and 3 replicated this finding, showing that the effect was mediated by the belief that Black exonerees faced greater legal system bias than White exonerees (Experiment 2: B = 0.21, SE = 0.06, 95% CI [0.11, 0.33]; Experiment 3: B = 0.35, SE = 0.09, 95% CI [0.19, 0.55]). Our results also suggested that Black individuals react more favorably to Black than White exonerees, potentially because of their beliefs regarding legal system bias. CONCLUSIONS People may react more favorably to Black than White exonerees because of the belief that Black exonerees face greater injustices within the legal system. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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错误定罪的耻辱对于白人和黑人无罪者是不同的。

目标 黑人在刑事法律体系中受到不成比例的攻击并处于不利地位。我们测试了黑人免罪者是否同样因错误定罪的耻辱而处于不利地位。假设 在实验 1 中，我们预测错误定罪的污名对黑人来说比对白人无罪者更大。在找到相反的模式后，我们进行了两项实验来调查这种反直觉效应的心理基础——具体来说，它是否是由试图表现出公正和/或对黑人和白人被免罪者所面临的法律制度偏见的信念所驱动的。方法 在实验 1 中，我们不引人注意地测量了非黑人参与者对预期与黑人或白人外务人员或商人会面的行为反应。在实验二中，参与者完成了评估他们表现出不带偏见的动机的措施，然后在单独的会议中评估了黑人或白人被免罪者并报告了他们对被免罪者所面临的法律制度偏见的看法。实验 3 是实验 2 的部分复制。在实验 2 和 3 中，我们检查了来自非黑人和黑人参与者的数据。结果 实验 1 中的非黑人参与者污名化了白人 exoneree，d = -0.31，95% 置信区间 (CI) [-0.72，0.10]，但不是黑人 exoneere，d = 0.44，95% CI [0.04，0.83] . 实验 2 和实验 3 重复了这一发现，表明该效应是由以下信念所介导的，即黑人免罪者比白人免罪者面临更大的法律制度偏见（实验 2：B = 0.21，SE = 0.06，95% CI [0.11，0.33]；实验 2） 3：B = 0.35，SE = 0.09，95% CI [0.19，0.55]）。我们的结果还表明，与白人免罪者相比，黑人个人对黑人的反应更有利，这可能是因为他们对法律制度偏见的信念。结论 人们可能对黑人的反应比对白人的无罪者更有利，因为他们相信黑人无罪者在法律体系中面临更大的不公正。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。