In the last 20 years, the application of high-precision isotopic analysis of essential mineral elements (Mg, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, and Zn) to biomedicine (sometimes referred to as isotope metallomics) has revealed that their stable isotopic compositions are altered by the metal dysregulation that is fundamental to the pathogenesis of many cancers and other diseases. Despite many published works showing the diagnostic and prognostic potential of this approach, a number of factors that may influence the stable isotopic composition of these essential mineral elements in healthy individuals remain unstudied. In this perspective article, we summarize the available evidence from trophic level studies, animal models, and ancient and modern humans, relating to physiological and lifestyle factors that appear likely (there is evidence indicating their influence) or unlikely (there is evidence indicating their lack of influence) to require controlling for when investigating variations in essential mineral element isotopic compositions in human subjects. We also discuss factors that require additional data to properly assess. There is evidence that sex, menopausal status, age, diet, vitamin and metal supplementation, genetic variation, and obesity influence the isotopic composition of at least one essential mineral element in the human body. The task of investigating potential influences on essential mineral element isotopic compositions in the human body is sizeable, but presents an exciting research opportunity, with each incremental advance helping to improve the quality of research output in the context of isotope metallomics.

中文翻译：

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生理和生活方式因素对人体必需矿物元素同位素组成的影响：对同位素金属组学研究设计的启示。

在过去 20 年中，基本矿物元素（Mg、K、Ca、Fe、Cu 和 Zn）的高精度同位素分析在生物医学（有时称为同位素金属组学）中的应用表明，它们的稳定同位素组成是因金属失调而改变，而金属失调是许多癌症和其他疾病发病机制的基础。尽管许多已发表的作品显示了这种方法的诊断和预后潜力，但许多可能影响健康个体中这些必需矿物元素的稳定同位素组成的因素仍未得到研究。在这篇有远见的文章中，我们总结了来自营养级研究、动物模型以及古代和现代人类的可用证据，在研究人体必需矿物元素同位素组成的变化时，与生理和生活方式相关的因素似乎可能（有证据表明它们有影响）或不太可能（有证据表明它们没有影响）需要控制。我们还讨论了需要额外数据才能正确评估的因素。有证据表明，性别、绝经状态、年龄、饮食、维生素和金属补充剂、遗传变异和肥胖会影响人体中至少一种必需矿物质元素的同位素组成。调查对人体必需矿物元素同位素组成的潜在影响的任务是相当大的，但提供了一个令人兴奋的研究机会，