Racism constitutes a significant risk to the mental health of African American children, adolescents, and emerging adults. This review evaluates recent literature examining ethnic and racial identity, ethnic-racial socialization, religiosity and spirituality, and family and parenting as racial, ethnic, and cultural resilience factors that shape the impact of racism on youth mental health. Representative studies, purported mechanisms, and critiques of prior research are presented for each factor. Recent studies of racism and resilience revisit foundational resilience factors from prior research while reflecting new and important advances (e.g., consideration of gender, cultural context, structural racism), providing important insights for the development of prevention and intervention efforts and policy that can alleviate mental health suffering and promote health and mental health equity for African American youth.

中文翻译：

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非裔美国青年心理健康中的种族、民族和文化复原力因素

种族主义对非裔美国儿童、青少年和新兴成年人的心理健康构成重大风险。本综述评估了最近的文献，这些文献探讨了种族和种族身份、种族社会化、宗教信仰和灵性、家庭和养育子女等种族、民族和文化复原力因素，这些因素塑造了种族主义对青少年心理健康的影响。针对每个因素提出了代表性研究、声称的机制以及对先前研究的批评。最近关于种族主义和复原力的研究重新审视了先前研究中的基本复原力因素，同时反映了新的重要进展（例如，考虑性别、文化背景、结构性种族主义），为制定可以缓解心理压力的预防和干预工作及政策提供了重要见解。健康痛苦并促进非裔美国青年的健康和心理健康公平。