Numerous studies associate childhood exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) with adverse adjustment in the domains of mental health, social, and academic functioning. This review synthesizes this literature and highlights the critical role of child self-regulation in mediating children's adjustment outcomes. We discuss major methodological problems of the field, including failure to consider the effects of prenatal IPV exposure and the limitations of variable-oriented and cross-sectional approaches. Finally, we present a comprehensive theoretical model of the effects of IPV on children's development. This model includes three mechanistic pathways—one that is unique to IPV (maternal representations) and two that are consistent with the effects of other stressors (maternal mental health and physiological functioning). In our model, the effects of these three pathways on child adjustment outcomes are mediated through parenting and child self-regulation. Future research directions and clinical implications are discussed in the context of the model.

中文翻译：

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亲密伴侣暴力对儿童的发展影响

许多研究将童年时期遭受亲密伴侣暴力 (IPV) 与心理健康、社会和学业功能领域的不良适应联系起来。本综述综合了这些文献，并强调了儿童自我调节在调节儿童适应结果中的关键作用。我们讨论了该领域的主要方法学问题，包括未能考虑产前 IPV 暴露的影响以及变量导向和横断面方法的局限性。最后，我们提出了 IPV 对儿童发展影响的综合理论模型。该模型包括三个机制路径——一个是 IPV（母亲表征）特有的，另外两个与其他压力源（母亲心理健康和生理功能）的影响一致。在我们的模型中，这三种途径对儿童适应结果的影响是通过养育和儿童自我调节来调节的。在模型的背景下讨论了未来的研究方向和临床意义。