ABSTRACT

This review examined the mutagenicity and genotoxicity associated with exposure to outdoor air pollutants in Brazil. A search was performed on the Web of Science database using a combination of keywords that resulted in 134 articles. After applying exclusion criteria, a total of 75 articles were obtained. The articles were classified into three categories: (1) studies with plants and animals, (2) in vitro studies, and (3) human biomonitoring. The investigations were conducted in 11 of 27 Brazilian states with the highest prevalence in the southeast and south regions. Only 5 investigations focused on the effects of burning biomass on the quality of outdoor air. Plants, especially Tradescantia pallida, were the main air pollution biomonitoring tool. When available, a significant association between levels of air pollutants and genetic damage was described. Among the in vitro studies, Salmonella/microsome is the most used test to evaluate mutagenesis of outdoor air in Brazil (n = 26). Human biomonitoring studies were the least frequent category (n = 18). Most of the investigations utilized micronucleus bioassay, in oral mucosa cells (n = 15) and lymphocytes (n = 5), and the comet assay (n = 6). The analysis in this study points to the existence of gaps in genotoxicity studies and our findings indicate that future studies need to address the variety of potential sources of pollution existing in Brazil. In addition to extent of the impacts, consideration should be given to the enormous Brazilian biodiversity, as well as the determination of the role of socioeconomic inequality of the population in the observed outcomes.

摘要

本综述检查了与巴西室外空气污染物暴露相关的致突变性和遗传毒性。使用关键字组合在 Web of Science 数据库上进行搜索，结果找到 134 篇文章。应用排除标准后，共获得 75 篇文章。这些文章分为三类：(1) 植物和动物研究，(2)体外研究，以及 (3) 人体生物监测。调查在巴西东南部和南部地区流行率最高的 27 个州中的 11 个进行。只有 5 项调查关注燃烧生物质对室外空气质量的影响。植物，尤其是紫锥菊, 是主要的空气污染生物监测工具。如果可用，描述了空气污染物水平与遗传损伤之间的显着关联。在体外研究中，沙门氏菌/微粒体是巴西最常用的评估室外空气诱变的试验（n  = 26）。人类生物监测研究是最不常见的类别（n  = 18）。大多数研究在口腔粘膜细胞 ( n  = 15) 和淋巴细胞 ( n  = 5) 中使用微核生物测定，以及彗星测定 ( n = 6). 本研究中的分析指出遗传毒性研究中存在差距，我们的研究结果表明未来的研究需要解决巴西存在的各种潜在污染源。除了影响的程度之外，还应考虑巴西丰富的生物多样性，以及确定人口的社会经济不平等在观察到的结果中的作用。