Over the past few decades, humankind has constantly encountered new viral species that create havoc in the socioeconomic balance worldwide. Among the method to combat these novel viral infections, fast and point-of-care diagnosis is of prime importance to contain the spreading of viral infections. However, most sensitive diagnostic systems for viral infections are time-consuming and require well-trained professionals, making it difficult for the patients. In recent years nanozymes emerged as promising therapeutic and fast diagnostic tools due to their multienzyme-like catalytic performance. Nanozymes can be designed using inorganic or organic components with tailorable physicochemical surface properties, enabling the attachment of various molecules and species on the surface of the nanozyme for specific recognition. In addition to the composition, the multienzyme-like catalytic performance can be modulated by the shape and size of the nanoparticles. Due to their multicatalytic abilities, nanozymes can be used for fast diagnosis and therapy for viral infections. Here we attempt to focus on the insights and recent explorations on the advances in designing various types of nanozymes as a theranostic tool for viral infections. Thus, this review intends to generate interest in the clinical translation of nanozymes as a theranostic tool for viral infections by providing knowledge about the multidisciplinary potential of nanozyme.

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作为病毒诊断和治疗范例的纳米酶的进展

在过去的几十年里，人类不断遇到新的病毒物种，它们对全球社会经济平衡造成严重破坏。在对抗这些新型病毒感染的方法中，快速和即时诊断对于遏制病毒感染的传播至关重要。然而，大多数敏感的病毒感染诊断系统都非常耗时，并且需要训练有素的专业人员，这给患者带来了困难。近年来，纳米酶因其类似多酶的催化性能而成为有前途的治疗和快速诊断工具。可以使用具有可定制物理化学表面特性的无机或有机成分设计纳米酶，从而使各种分子和物种能够附着在纳米酶表面上以进行特异性识别。除了组成，多酶类催化性能可以通过纳米粒子的形状和大小来调节。由于其多催化能力，纳米酶可用于病毒感染的快速诊断和治疗。在这里，我们试图重点关注在设计各种类型的纳米酶作为病毒感染的治疗诊断工具方面取得的进展的见解和最近的探索。因此，这篇综述旨在通过提供有关纳米酶多学科潜力的知识，引起人们对纳米酶作为病毒感染治疗诊断工具的临床转化的兴趣。在这里，我们试图重点关注在设计各种类型的纳米酶作为病毒感染的治疗诊断工具方面取得的进展的见解和最近的探索。因此，这篇综述旨在通过提供有关纳米酶多学科潜力的知识，引起人们对纳米酶作为病毒感染治疗诊断工具的临床转化的兴趣。在这里，我们试图重点关注在设计各种类型的纳米酶作为病毒感染的治疗诊断工具方面取得的进展的见解和最近的探索。因此，这篇综述旨在通过提供有关纳米酶多学科潜力的知识，引起人们对纳米酶作为病毒感染治疗诊断工具的临床转化的兴趣。