Nontarget analysis and fluorine atom balances of transformation products from UV/sulfite degradation of perfluoroalkyl contaminants,Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts

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Nontarget analysis and fluorine atom balances of transformation products from UV/sulfite degradation of perfluoroalkyl contaminants
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2023-01-18 , DOI: 10.1039/d2em00425a
Bailey B Bowers ₁ , Zimo Lou ₂ , Jiang Xu ₃ , Amila O De Silva ₄ , Xinhua Xu ₅ , Gregory V Lowry ₆ , Ryan C Sullivan ₁

Affiliation

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of thousands of highly fluorinated, anthropogenic compounds that are used in a wide variety of consumer applications. Due to their widespread use and high persistence, PFAS are ubiquitous in drinking water, which is of concern due to the threats these compounds pose to human health. Reduction via the hydrated electron is a promising technology for PFAS remediation and has been well-studied. However, since previous work rarely reports fluorine atom balances and often relies on suspect screening, some transformation products are likely unaccounted for. Therefore, we performed non-target analysis using high-resolution mass spectrometry on solutions of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)propanoate (GenX) that had been treated with UV/sulfite to produce hydrated electrons. We determined fluorine atom balances for all compounds studied, finding high fluorine atom balances for PFOS and PFBS. PFOA and GenX had lower overall fluorine atom balances, likely due to the production of volatile or very polar transformation products that were not measured by our methods. Transformation products identified by our analysis were consistent with literature, with a few exceptions. Namely, shorter-chain perfluorosulfonates (PFSA) and their H/F substituted counterparts were also detected from PFOS. This is an unexpected result based on literature, as no documented pathway exists for the formation of shorter-chain PFSA during UV/sulfite treatment. Furthermore, the nontarget approach we employed allowed for identification of novel, unsaturated products from the hydrated electron treatment of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) that warrant further investigation.

中文翻译：

全氟烷基污染物的紫外线/亚硫酸盐降解转化产物的非目标分析和氟原子平衡

全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 是一类数千种高度氟化的人为化合物，用于各种消费应用。由于其广泛使用和高度持久性，PFAS 在饮用水中无处不在，由于这些化合物对人类健康构成威胁而引起关注。减少通过水合电子是一种很有前途的 PFAS 修复技术，并且已得到充分研究。然而，由于以前的工作很少报告氟原子平衡并且通常依赖于可疑筛选，因此一些转化产物可能下落不明。因此，我们使用高分辨率质谱法对全氟辛烷磺酸盐 (PFOS)、全氟丁烷磺酸盐 (PFBS)、全氟辛酸盐 (PFOA) 和 2,3,3,3-四氟-2-(七氟丙氧基)丙酸盐溶液进行了非目标分析 ( GenX）已经用紫外线/亚硫酸盐处理以产生水合电子。我们确定了所有研究化合物的氟原子平衡，发现 PFOS 和 PFBS 的氟原子平衡较高。PFOA 和 GenX 的整体氟原子平衡较低，可能是由于我们的方法未测量的挥发性或极极性转化产物的产生。我们的分析确定的转化产物与文献一致，只有少数例外。即，还从全氟辛烷磺酸中检测到短链全氟磺酸盐 (PFSA) 及其 H/F 取代对应物。这是基于文献的意外结果，因为在紫外线/亚硫酸盐处理过程中没有形成短链 PFSA 的记录途径。此外，我们采用的非目标方法允许从全氟辛烷磺酸盐 (PFOS) 的水合电子处理中鉴定出值得进一步研究的新型不饱和产物。还从 PFOS 中检测到短链全氟磺酸盐 (PFSA) 及其 H/F 取代对应物。这是基于文献的意外结果，因为在紫外线/亚硫酸盐处理过程中没有形成短链 PFSA 的记录途径。此外，我们采用的非目标方法允许从全氟辛烷磺酸盐 (PFOS) 的水合电子处理中鉴定出值得进一步研究的新型不饱和产物。还从 PFOS 中检测到短链全氟磺酸盐 (PFSA) 及其 H/F 取代对应物。这是基于文献的意外结果，因为在紫外线/亚硫酸盐处理过程中没有形成短链 PFSA 的记录途径。此外，我们采用的非目标方法允许从全氟辛烷磺酸盐 (PFOS) 的水合电子处理中鉴定出值得进一步研究的新型不饱和产物。

更新日期：2023-01-18

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