Parasitic plants use a special organ, the haustorium, to attach to and penetrate host tissues, forming phloem and/or xylem fusion with the host vascular systems. Across this haustorium–host interface, not only water and nutrients are extracted from the host by the parasitic plant, but also secondary metabolites, messenger RNAs, noncoding RNAs, proteins, and systemic signals are transported between the parasite and host and even among different hosts connected by a parasite. Furthermore, mycorrhizal fungi can form common mycelial networks (CMNs) that simultaneously interconnect multiple plants. Increasing lines of evidence suggest that CMNs can function as conduits, transferring stress-related systemic signals between plants. Between-plant signaling mediated by haustoria and CMNs likely has a profound impact on plant interactions with other organisms and adaptation to environmental factors. Here, we summarize the findings regarding between-plant transfer of biomolecules and systemic signals and the current understanding of the physiological and ecological implications of between-plant signaling.

中文翻译：

---

植物间信号传输

寄生植物使用特殊的器官（吸器）附着并穿透宿主组织，与宿主维管系统形成韧皮部和/或木质部融合。通过这个吸器-宿主界面，寄生植物不仅从宿主中提取水和养分，而且还在寄生虫和宿主之间甚至不同宿主之间传输次级代谢产物、信使RNA、非编码RNA、蛋白质和系统信号由寄生虫连接。此外，菌根真菌可以形成同时互连多个植物的共同菌丝网络（CMN）。越来越多的证据表明，CMN 可以充当管道，在植物之间传递与胁迫相关的系统信号。由吸器和 CMN 介导的植物间信号传导可能对植物与其他生物体的相互作用以及对环境因素的适应产生深远的影响。在这里，我们总结了有关生物分子和系统信号在植物间转移的发现，以及目前对植物间信号传导的生理和生态影响的理解。