The design of carbon material-based heterojunction solar cells (HJSCs) provides a promising approach to convert and collect solar energy. With unique photonic, electronic and mechanical properties, versatile carbon materials have attracted considerable attention in the design of heterojunction structures because of the multi-functional applications of carbon materials in the booming field of photovoltaics (PVs). Significant effort has been devoted to enhancing the light absorption capacity and charge/carrier transporting ability to obtain state-of-the-art HJSCs. This review presents the basic application of various carbon materials for PVs and the basic principles of carbon materials in HJSCs. Several optimisation methods for carbon nanotube (CNT) film modification and cell performance, such as optical property and Fermi level tuning, as well as morphological design and interface engineering, are highlighted in a summary of the state-of-art progress of CNT-based HJSCs. Moreover, the representative applications of carbon materials based flexible HJSCs are discussed. Finally, promising pathways and prospects of CNTs in HJSCs and their advanced devices are proposed using film modification, mechanism modulation, and device design to achieve cost-effective, high-performance, and flexible solar cells (SCs).

基于碳材料的异质结太阳能电池 (HJSC) 的设计为转换和收集太阳能提供了一种有前途的方法。由于碳材料在蓬勃发展的光伏领域的多功能应用，多功能碳材料具有独特的光子、电子和机械性能，在异质结结构的设计中引起了相当大的关注。为了获得最先进的 HJSC，人们付出了巨大的努力来提高光吸收能力和电荷/载流子传输能力。本综述介绍了各种碳材料在 PV 中的基本应用以及碳材料在 HJSC 中的基本原理。碳纳米管（CNT）薄膜改性和电池性能的几种优化方法，如光学特性和费米能级调谐，以及形态设计和界面工程，在基于 CNT 的 HJSC 的最新进展摘要中得到强调。此外，还讨论了基于碳材料的柔性 HJSC 的代表性应用。最后，通过薄膜改性、机制调制和器件设计，提出了 CNT 在 HJSC 及其先进器件中的有前途的途径和前景，以实现具有成本效益、高性能和柔性的太阳能电池 (SC)。