A central result in the foundations of quantum mechanics is the Kochen-Specker theorem. In short, it states that quantum mechanics is in conflict with classical models in which the result of a measurement does not depend on which other compatible measurements are jointly performed. Here compatible measurements are those that can be implemented simultaneously or, more generally, those that are jointly measurable. This conflict is generically called quantum contextuality. In this review, an introduction to this subject and its current status is presented. Several proofs of the Kochen-Specker theorem and different notions of contextuality are reviewed. How to experimentally test some of these notions is explained, and connections between contextuality and nonlocality or graph theory are discussed. Finally, some applications of contextuality in quantum information processing are reviewed.

中文翻译：

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科亨-斯佩克语境

量子力学基础的一个核心结果是科亨-斯佩克定理。简而言之，它指出量子力学与经典模型相冲突，在经典模型中，测量结果不取决于联合执行的其他兼容测量。这里兼容的测量是那些可以同时实施的测量，或者更一般地，那些可以联合测量的测量。这种冲突通常被称为量子情境性。在这篇评论中，介绍了这个主题及其现状。回顾了科亨-斯佩克定理的几个证明和不同的上下文概念。解释了如何通过实验测试其中一些概念，并讨论了上下文性和非局域性或图论之间的联系。最后，回顾了上下文性在量子信息处理中的一些应用。