Hydrogen (H₂) is currently considered a clean fuel to decrease anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and will play a vital role in climate change mitigation. Nevertheless, one of the primary challenges of achieving a complete H₂ economy is the large-scale storage of H₂, which is unsafe on the surface because H₂ is highly compressible, volatile, and flammable. Hydrogen storage in geological formations could be a potential solution to this problem because of the abundance of such formations and their high storage capacities. Wettability plays a critical role in the displacement of formation water and determines the containment safety, storage capacity, and amount of trapped H₂ (or recovery factor). However, no comprehensive review article has been published explaining H₂ wettability in geological conditions. Therefore, this review focuses on the influence of various parameters, such as salinity, temperature, pressure, surface roughness, and formation type, on wettability and, consequently, H₂ storage. Significant gaps exist in the literature on understanding the effect of organic material on H₂ storage capacity. Thus, this review summarizes recent advances in rock/H₂/brine systems containing organic material in various geological reservoirs. The paper also presents influential parameters affecting H₂ storage capacity and containment safety, including liquid–gas interfacial tension, rock–fluid interfacial tension, and adsorption. The paper aims to provide the scientific community with an expert opinion to understand the challenges of H₂ storage and identify storage solutions. In addition, the essential differences between underground H₂ storage (UHS), natural gas storage, and carbon dioxide geological storage are discussed, and the direction of future research is presented. Therefore, this review promotes thorough knowledge of UHS, provides guidance on operating large-scale UHS projects, encourages climate engineers to focus more on UHS research, and provides an overview of advanced technology. This review also inspires researchers in the field of climate change to give more credit to UHS studies.

氢气 (H ₂ ) 目前被认为是一种清洁燃料，可减少人为温室气体排放，并将在减缓气候变化方面发挥重要作用。_{然而，实现完整的 H 2}经济的主要挑战之一是 H ₂的大规模储存，这在表面上是不安全的，因为 H ₂具有高度可压缩性、挥发性和易燃性。地质构造中的氢储存可能是解决该问题的潜在方法，因为此类构造丰富且储存能力高。润湿性在地层水的驱替中起着关键作用，并决定了安全壳的安全性、储存能力和捕获的 H _2量（或恢复因子）。然而，尚未发表全面的评论文章来解释地质条件下的 H ₂润湿性。因此，本综述侧重于各种参数（例如盐度、温度、压力、表面粗糙度和地层类型）对润湿性以及 H ₂储存的影响。_{在理解有机材料对 H 2}存储容量的影响方面，文献中存在重大差距。因此，这篇综述总结了各种地质储层中含有有机物质的岩石/H _{2 /盐水系统的最新进展。}该论文还提出了影响 H _{2的影响参数}存储容量和安全壳安全性，包括液-气界面张力、岩石-流体界面张力和吸附。_{本文旨在为科学界提供专家意见，以了解 H 2}存储的挑战并确定存储解决方案。此外，地下H _{2的本质区别}讨论了储存（UHS）、天然气储存和二氧化碳地质储存，并提出了未来的研究方向。因此，本综述促进了对 UHS 的透彻了解，为运行大型 UHS 项目提供了指导，鼓励气候工程师更多地关注 UHS 研究，并提供了先进技术的概述。这篇综述还启发了气候变化领域的研究人员对 UHS 研究给予更多的信任。