Metformin hydrochloride (MET) is commonly used in diabetes treatment. Recently, it has gained interest for its anticancer potential against a wide range of cancers. Owing to its hydrophilic nature, the delivery and clinical actions of MET are limited. Therefore, the present work aims to develop MET-encapsulated NLCs using the hot-melt emulsification and probe-sonication method. The optimization was accomplished by 3³ BB design wherein lipid ratio, surfactant concentration, and sonication time were independent variables while the PS (nm), PDI, and EE (%) were dependent variables. The PS, PDI, % EE and ZP of optimized _GMSMET-NLCs were found to be 114.9 ± 1.32 nm, 0.268 ± 0.04 %, 60.10 ± 2.23 %, and ZP − 15.76 mV, respectively. The morphological features, DSC and PXRD, and FTIR analyses suggested the confirmation of formation of the NLCs. Besides, optimized _GMSMET-NLCs showed up to 88 % MET release in 24 h. Moreover, _GMSMET-NLCs showed significant cell cytotoxicity against KB oral cancer cells compared with MET solution as shown by the reduction of IC₅₀ values. Additionally, _GMSMET-NLCs displayed significantly increased intracellular ROS levels suggesting the _GMSMET-NLCs induced cell death in KB cells. _GMSMET-NLCs can therefore be explored to deliver MET through different routes of administration for the effective treatment of oral cancer.

盐酸二甲双胍 (MET) 常用于糖尿病治疗。最近，它因其对多种癌症的抗癌潜力而受到关注。由于其亲水性，MET 的递送和临床作用受到限制。因此，目前的工作旨在使用热熔乳化和探针超声法开发 MET 包封的 NLC。优化是通过 3 ³ BB 设计完成的，其中脂质比率、表面活性剂浓度和超声处理时间是自变量，而 PS (nm)、PDI 和 EE (%) 是因变量。_{优化后的GMS}的 PS、PDI、% EE 和 ZPMET-NLC 被发现分别为 114.9 ± 1.32 nm、0.268 ± 0.04 %、60.10 ± 2.23 % 和 ZP − 15.76 mV。形态学特征、DSC 和 PXRD 以及 FTIR 分析表明已确认 NLC 的形成。此外，优化的_GMS MET-NLCs 在 24 小时内显示出高达 88% 的 MET 释放。此外，与 MET 溶液相比， _{GMS MET-NLC 显示出对 KB 口腔癌细胞的显着细胞毒性，如 IC 50}值的降低所示。此外，_GMS MET-NLCs 显示细胞内 ROS 水平显着增加，表明_GMS MET-NLCs 诱导 KB 细胞死亡。_{全球管理系统}因此，可以探索 MET-NLCs 通过不同的给药途径递送 MET，以有效治疗口腔癌。