Transgender people often face barriers in health care due to lack of access to care, lack of knowledgeable healthcare professionals, discrimination, and gaps in medical and mental health research. Existing research on transgender health has focused heavily on mental health, HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases/infections, and substance abuse. Gender-affirming hormone therapy and/or surgery allows for some alignment of biology and gender identity. Gender-affirming care may offer quality-of-life benefits, which may outweigh modest concerns related to exogenous hormone therapy. The Endocrine Society treatment guidelines were revised in 2017, and this article reviews recent data that might inform a future guideline revision. Future longitudinal research is needed to close the gap in knowledge in the field of transgender medicine.

中文翻译：

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成人变性医学的最新进展

由于缺乏护理机会、缺乏知识丰富的医疗保健专业人员、歧视以及医疗和心理健康研究方面的差距，跨性别者在医疗保健方面经常面临障碍。现有的跨性别健康研究主要集中在心理健康、艾滋病毒/艾滋病、性传播疾病/感染和药物滥用上。性别肯定激素疗法和/或手术可以使生物学和性别认同实现某种程度的协调。性别肯定护理可能会带来生活质量的好处，这可能会超过与外源性激素治疗相关的适度担忧。内分泌学会治疗指南于 2017 年进行了修订，本文回顾了可能为未来指南修订提供信息的最新数据。未来需要纵向研究来缩小跨性别医学领域的知识差距。