Polar vortices that share many similarities are found in Earth's stratosphere and the atmospheres of Mars and Saturn's moon Titan. These vortices all occur in the winter, and are characterized by high potential vorticity (PV) in polar regions, steep meridional PV gradients and peak zonal winds in middle latitudes, and a cold pole. There are, however, differences in the daily and subseasonal variability, zonal asymmetries, and PV structure among the vortices. These differences are related to differences in the disruption of polar vortices by Rossby waves, the poleward extent of the mean meridional circulation, and condensation of major gases. There are also differences in the transport of gases and particles among the vortices. The range of polar vortex characteristics is likely much larger for terrestrial exoplanets, which include planets with, for example, a wider range of obliquities.

中文翻译：

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地球、火星和土卫六极地涡旋的流体动力学

在地球的平流层以及火星和土星卫星泰坦的大气层中发现了许多相似之处的极地涡旋。这些涡旋均发生在冬季，具有极地高位涡（PV）、中纬度经向PV梯度陡、纬向风峰值以及冷极等特点。然而，涡旋之间的日常和次季节变化、纬向不对称性和PV结构存在差异。这些差异与罗斯贝波对极地涡旋的破坏、平均经向环流向极地的范围以及主要气体的凝结的差异有关。涡流之间气体和颗粒的传输也存在差异。对于类地系外行星来说，极涡特征的范围可能要大得多，其中包括具有更大倾角范围的行星。