Coughing is a dynamic physiological process resulting from input of vagal sensory neurons innervating the airways and perceived airway irritation. Although cough serves to protect and clear the airways, it can also be exploited by respiratory pathogens to facilitate disease transmission. Microbial components or infection-induced inflammatory mediators can directly interact with sensory nerve receptors to induce a cough response. Analysis of cough-generated aerosols and transmission studies have further demonstrated how infectious disease is spread through coughing. This review summarizes the neurophysiology of cough, cough induction by respiratory pathogens and inflammation, and cough-mediated disease transmission.

中文翻译：

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咳嗽的感染和炎症途径

咳嗽是一个动态的生理过程，由支配气道的迷走感觉神经元的输入和感知到的气道刺激引起。虽然咳嗽可以保护和清理呼吸道，但它也可能被呼吸道病原体利用，促进疾病传播。微生物成分或感染诱导的炎症介质可以直接与感觉神经受体相互作用，诱发咳嗽反应。对咳嗽产生的气溶胶的分析和传播研究进一步证明了传染病是如何通过咳嗽传播的。本综述总结了咳嗽的神经生理学、呼吸道病原体和炎症引起的咳嗽以及咳嗽介导的疾病传播。