Exposure to adversity (e.g., poverty, bereavement) is a robust predictor of disruptions in psychological functioning. However, people vary greatly in their responses to adversity; some experience severe long-term disruptions, others experience minimal disruptions or even improvements. We refer to the latter outcomes—faring better than expected given adversity—as psychological resilience. Understanding what processes explain resilience has critical theoretical and practical implications. Yet, psychology's understanding of resilience is incomplete, for two reasons: ( a) We lack conceptual clarity, and ( b) two major approaches to resilience—the stress and coping approach and the emotion and emotion-regulation approach—have limitations and are relatively isolated from one another. To address these two obstacles,we first discuss conceptual questions about resilience. Next, we offer an integrative affect-regulation framework that capitalizes on complementary strengths of both approaches. This framework advances our understanding of resilience by integrating existing findings, highlighting gaps in knowledge, and guiding future research.

中文翻译：

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心理弹性：情感调节框架

遭遇逆境（例如贫困、丧亲之痛）是心理功能受损的有力预测因素。然而，人们对逆境的反应差异很大。有些经历了严重的长期干扰，另一些经历了最小的干扰甚至改善。我们将后一种结果（在逆境中表现好于预期）称为心理弹性。了解哪些过程可以解释弹性具有重要的理论和实践意义。然而，心理学对复原力的理解并不完整，原因有两个：(a)我们缺乏概念清晰度，(b)复原力的两种主要方法——压力和应对方法以及情绪和情绪调节方法——都有局限性，并且相对而言彼此隔离。为了解决这两个障碍，我们首先讨论有关复原力的概念问题。接下来，我们提供一个综合的情感调节框架，利用两种方法的互补优势。该框架通过整合现有研究结果、突出知识差距并指导未来研究，增进了我们对复原力的理解。