The regular movements of waves and tides are obvious representations of the oceans’ rhythmicity. But the rhythms of marine life span across ecological niches and timescales, including short (in the range of hours) and long (in the range of days and months) periods. These rhythms regulate the physiology and behavior of individuals, as well as their interactions with each other and with the environment. This review highlights examples of rhythmicity in marine animals and algae that represent important groups of marine life across different habitats. The examples cover ecologically highly relevant species and a growing number of laboratory model systems that are used to disentangle key mechanistic principles. The review introduces fundamental concepts of chronobiology, such as the distinction between rhythmic and endogenous oscillator–driven processes. It also addresses the relevance of studying diverse rhythms and oscillators, as well as their interconnection, for making better predictions of how species will respond to environmental perturbations, including climate change. As the review aims to address scientists from the diverse fields of marine biology, ecology, and molecular chronobiology, all of which have their own scientific terms, we provide definitions of key terms throughout the article.

中文翻译：

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海洋生物的节律和时钟

波浪和潮汐的规律运动是海洋节奏的明显表现。但海洋生物的节律跨越生态位和时间尺度，包括短期（在几小时范围内）和长期（在几天和几个月范围内）。这些节律调节个体的生理和行为，以及个体之间以及个体与环境的相互作用。这篇综述重点介绍了代表不同栖息地重要海洋生物群体的海洋动物和藻类的节律性例子。这些例子涵盖了生态上高度相关的物种和越来越多的实验室模型系统，这些系统用于解开关键的机械原理。该评论介绍了时间生物学的基本概念，例如节律性和内源性振荡器驱动过程之间的区别。它还讨论了研究不同节律和振荡器及其相互关系的相关性，以便更好地预测物种将如何应对包括气候变化在内的环境扰动。由于本综述旨在针对来自海洋生物学、生态学和分子时间生物学等不同领域的科学家，所有这些领域都有自己的科学术语，因此我们在整篇文章中提供了关键术语的定义。