Structural modification of titanium dioxide has offered a novel template to develop advanced functional materials which demonstrate visible light photocatalytic activity. There had been many attempts to modify the band gap of TiO₂ in order to realize its potential as an antimicrobial material in food coatings and packaging. This review gathers most recent advancements of developing TiO₂ based functional nanohybrids which include doping with metals, non-metals, co-doping, and development of hybrids with 2-D nanomaterials. In particular, nanohybrids prepared with of TiO₂ with graphene incorporation has opened up a novel platform to reduce the band gap while minimizing the inherent drawback of electron pair recombination in TiO₂. In this review, critical analysis of the recent literature on the mechanisms involved in structural modifications are discussed broadly and the electronic and functional properties of resulting materials are presented with a greater scientific depth. In addition, the available structural modification techniques have been compared with a particular emphasis on food preservation and post-harvest loss mitigation applications. More importantly, an outlook on the industrial applications, future directions and challenges have been suggested and discussed.

二氧化钛的结构改性为开发具有可见光光催化活性的先进功能材料提供了新的模板。为了发挥其在食品涂料和包装中作为抗菌材料的潜力，已经进行了许多尝试来改变 TiO _{2的带隙。本综述收集了开发基于 TiO 2}的功能性纳米杂化物的最新进展，包括金属、非金属掺杂、共掺杂以及二维纳米材料杂化物的开发。特别是，由掺入石墨烯的 TiO _{2制备的纳米杂化物开辟了一个新的平台，以减少带隙，同时最大限度地减少 TiO 2中电子对复合的固有缺点}. 在这篇综述中，对最近有关结构修饰机制的文献进行了批判性分析，并广泛讨论了所得材料的电子和功能特性，并以更大的科学深度进行了介绍。此外，已经将可用的结构修改技术与特别强调食品保存和减少收获后损失的应用进行了比较。更重要的是，对工业应用前景、未来方向和挑战提出了建议和讨论。