The enactment effect is the phenomenon that physically performing an action represented by a word or phrase (e.g., clap, clap your hands) results in better memory than does simply reading it. We examined data from three different methodological approaches to provide a comprehensive review of the enactment effect across 145 behavioral, 7 neuroimaging, and 31 neurological patient studies. Boosts in memory performance following execution of a physical action were compared to those produced by reading words or phrases, by watching an experimenter perform actions, or by engaging in self-generated imagery. Across the behavioral studies, we employed random-effects meta-regression with robust variance estimation (RVE) to reveal an average enactment effect size of g = 1.23. Further meta-analyses revealed that variations in study design and comparison task reliably influence the size of the enactment effect, whereas four other experiment factors—test format, learning instruction type, retention interval, and the presence of objects during encoding—likely do not influence the effect. Neuroimaging studies demonstrated enactment-related activation to be prevalent in the motor cortex and inferior parietal lobule. Patient studies indicated that, regardless of whether impairments of memory (e.g., Alzheimer’s) or of motor capability (e.g., Parkinson’s) were present, patients were able to benefit from enactment. The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis highlight two components accounting for the memory benefit from enactment: a primary mental contribution relating to planning the action and a secondary physical contribution of the action itself.

中文翻译：

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制定效果：行为、神经影像学和患者研究的系统回顾和荟萃分析。

制定效应是这样一种现象，即实际执行由单词或短语表示的动作（例如，拍手，拍手）比简单地阅读它会产生更好的记忆力。我们检查了来自三种不同方法学方法的数据，以全面回顾 145 项行为、7 项神经影像学和 31 项神经病学患者研究的制定效果。将执行身体动作后记忆性能的提升与通过阅读单词或短语、观看实验者执行动作或参与自我生成的图像所产生的记忆性能进行比较。在整个行为研究中，我们采用具有稳健方差估计 (RVE) 的随机效应元回归来揭示g的平均制定效应大小= 1.23。进一步的荟萃分析表明，研究设计和比较任务的变化可靠地影响了表演效果的大小，而其他四个实验因素——测试形式、学习指导类型、保留间隔和编码过程中对象的存在——可能不会影响效果。神经影像学研究表明，与表演相关的激活在运动皮层和顶叶下小叶中普遍存在。患者研究表明，无论是否存在记忆障碍（例如阿尔茨海默氏症）或运动能力障碍（例如帕金森氏症），患者都能够从制定中受益。该系统回顾和荟萃分析的结果突出了两个因素，这些因素解释了表演对记忆的好处：