ABSTRACT

The conversion of CO₂ into fuels and value-added chemicals over heterogeneous catalysts may help realize a carbon-neutral or carbon-negative society. Recently, the direct conversion of CO₂ to aromatics has been extensively explored. However, the requirement of multifunctional active sites, complexity of tandem cascade reactions, and difficulty in understanding reaction mechanisms present significant challenges to the design of effective heterogeneous catalysts. In this review, catalytic systems used for the direct production of aromatics from CO₂ via the methanol-mediated and modified Fischer–Tropsch synthesis pathways are critically discussed. The initial section discusses the role of acid sites in HZSM-5 for the formation of aromatics. This is followed by a thorough review of recent progress on aromatic syntheses in terms of their catalytic performance, Si/Al ratios of zeolites, proximity between metal oxide and zeolite, and reaction conditions. The reaction mechanisms and the stability of existing catalysts are also discussed. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects of the catalytic conversion of CO₂ to aromatics are highlighted.

摘要

通过非均相催化剂将 CO ₂转化为燃料和增值化学品可能有助于实现碳中和或负碳社会。近来，CO ₂直接转化为芳烃得到了广泛的探索。然而，多功能活性位点的要求、串联级联反应的复杂性以及难以理解反应机理对设计有效的多相催化剂提出了重大挑战。在这篇综述中，用于从 CO _{2直接生产芳烃的催化系统}通过甲醇介导和修饰的费托合成途径进行了批判性讨论。第一部分讨论了 HZSM-5 中酸位对芳烃形成的作用。随后从催化性能、沸石的 Si/Al 比、金属氧化物和沸石之间的接近度以及反应条件等方面全面回顾了芳烃合成的最新进展。还讨论了现有催化剂的反应机理和稳定性。_{最后，重点介绍了 CO 2}催化转化为芳烃的当前挑战和未来前景。