Tidal marshes and mangroves are increasingly valued for nature-based mitigation of coastal storm impacts, such as flooding and shoreline erosion hazards, which are growing due to global change. As this review highlights, however, hazard mitigation by tidal wetlands is limited to certain conditions, and not all hazards are equally reduced. Tidal wetlands are effective in attenuating short-period storm-induced waves, but long-period storm surges, which elevate sea levels up to several meters for up to more than a day, are attenuated less effectively, or in some cases not at all, depending on storm conditions, wetland properties, and larger-scale coastal landscape geometry. Wetlands often limit erosion, but storm damage to vegetation (especially mangrove trees) can be substantial, and recovery may take several years. Longer-term wetland persistence can be compromised when combined with other stressors, such as climate change and human disturbances. Due to these uncertainties, nature-based coastal defense projects need to adopt adaptive management strategies.

中文翻译：

---

沼泽和红树林作为自然沿海风暴缓冲区

潮汐沼泽和红树林因自然缓解沿海风暴影响而受到越来越重视，例如洪水和海岸线侵蚀危害，这些危害因全球变化而日益严重。然而，正如本次审查所强调的那样，潮汐湿地的危害缓解仅限于某些条件，并且并非所有危害都得到同等程度的减少。潮汐湿地可以有效地减弱短期风暴引发的波浪，但长期风暴潮（在一天多的时间内使海平面上升几米）的减弱效果较差，或者在某些情况下根本没有减弱，取决于风暴条件、湿地特性和更大范围的沿海景观几何形状。湿地通常会限制侵蚀，但风暴对植被（尤其是红树林）的破坏可能很大，并且恢复可能需要数年时间。当与气候变化和人类干扰等其他压力因素相结合时，湿地的长期持续存在可能会受到损害。由于这些不确定性，基于自然的海防项目需要采取适应性管理策略。