Successful immune responses depend on the spatiotemporal coordination of immune cell migration, interactions, and effector functions in lymphoid and parenchymal tissues. Real-time intravital microscopy has revolutionized our understanding of the dynamic behavior of many immune cell types in the living tissues of several species. Observing immune cells in their native environment has revealed many unanticipated facets of their biology, which were not expected from experiments outside a living organism. Here we highlight both classic and more recent examples of surprising discoveries that critically relied on the use of live in vivo imaging. In particular, we focus on five major cell types of the innate immune response (macrophages, microglia, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and mast cells), and how studying their dynamics in mouse tissues has helped us advance our current knowledge of immune cell–mediated tissue homeostasis, host defense, and inflammation.

中文翻译：

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先天免疫反应的活体成像带来的惊喜

成功的免疫反应取决于淋巴和实质组织中免疫细胞迁移、相互作用和效应器功能的时空协调。实时活体显微镜彻底改变了我们对多个物种活组织中许多免疫细胞类型动态行为的理解。在天然环境中观察免疫细胞揭示了其生物学的许多意想不到的方面，这些方面是在活生物体之外的实验中没有预料到的。在这里，我们重点介绍一些经典的和最近的令人惊讶的发现的例子，这些发现严重依赖于活体成像的使用。我们特别关注先天免疫反应的五种主要细胞类型（巨噬细胞、小胶质细胞、中性粒细胞、树突状细胞和肥大细胞），以及研究它们在小鼠组织中的动态如何帮助我们推进目前对免疫细胞介导的知识。组织稳态、宿主防御和炎症。