Uncontrolled bleeding is a major problem in trauma and emergency medicine. While materials for trauma applications would certainly find utility in traditional surgical settings, the unique environment of emergency medicine introduces additional design considerations, including the need for materials that are easily deployed in austere environments. Ideally, these materials would be available off the shelf, could be easily transported, and would be able to be stored at room temperature for some amount of time. Both natural and synthetic materials have been explored for the development of hemostatic materials. This review article provides an overview of classes of materials used for topical hemostats and newer developments in the area of injectable hemostats for use in emergency medicine.

中文翻译：

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止血生物材料

不受控制的出血是创伤和急诊医学中的一个主要问题。虽然用于创伤应用的材料肯定会在传统手术环境中发挥作用，但急诊医学的独特环境引入了额外的设计考虑因素，包括需要易于在严峻环境中部署的材料。理想情况下，这些材料应是现成的，易于运输，并且能够在室温下保存一段时间。天然和合成材料都已被探索用于止血材料的开发。这篇综述文章概述了用于局部止血剂的材料类别以及用于急诊医学的注射止血剂领域的最新发展。