The role of cholesterol in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other coronavirus-host cell interactions is currently being discussed in the context of two main scenarios: i) the presence of the neutral lipid in cholesterol-rich lipid domains involved in different steps of the viral infection and ii) the alteration of metabolic pathways by the virus over the course of infection. Cholesterol-enriched lipid domains have been reported to occur in the lipid envelope membrane of the virus, in the host-cell plasma membrane, as well as in endosomal and other intracellular membrane cellular compartments. These membrane subdomains, whose chemical and physical properties distinguish them from the bulk lipid bilayer, have been purported to participate in diverse phenomena, from virus-host cell fusion to intracellular trafficking and exit of the virions from the infected cell. SARS-CoV-2 recruits many key proteins that participate under physiological conditions in cholesterol and lipid metabolism in general. This review analyses the status of cholesterol and lipidome proteins in SARS-CoV-2 infection and the new horizons they open for therapeutic intervention.

胆固醇在严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 和其他冠状病毒与宿主细胞相互作用中的作用目前正在两种主要情况下进行讨论：i) 富含胆固醇的脂质中存在中性脂质涉及病毒感染不同步骤的结构域和 ii) 在感染过程中病毒对代谢途径的改变。据报道，富含胆固醇的脂质结构域出现在病毒的脂质包膜、宿主细胞质膜以及内体和其他细胞内膜细胞区室中。这些膜亚域的化学和物理特性将它们与大量脂质双层区分开来，据称参与了多种现象，从病毒-宿主细胞融合到细胞内运输和病毒粒子从受感染细胞中排出。SARS-CoV-2 招募许多在生理条件下参与胆固醇和脂质代谢的关键蛋白。本综述分析了 SARS-CoV-2 感染中胆固醇和脂质组蛋白的状态，以及它们为治疗干预开辟的新视野。