Abstract

The development of flame retardant polymer materials has two roots, one in materials design, and the other in materials processing. Over recent decades, different types and classes of flame retardant polymer materials have been commercialized to meet safety requirements in the construction, automotive, and coatings industries. In the vast majority of cases, the design and fabrication of new materials presenting low fire hazards could be obtained through the incorporation of one, two or more flame retardants with similar or different natures into polymers. Nevertheless, the presence of these new phases, often used at high loading levels, usually impact the polymer’s other functional properties, such as mechanical, aging and transparency. These limitations could be partially or totally overcome using reactive extrusion, which is a promising process for developing new polymers or modifying the chemical structure of existing ones. Amongst other possibilities, reactive extrusion can be used for enhancing the fire behavior of existing polymers or for the synthesis of new ones presenting inherent flame retardant properties. In recent years, several new flame retardant polymers have been developed by reactive extrusion, but these developments have not been systematically described with regard to their technical circumstances, properties, and commercial potential. This short review attempts to overview and classify the available reports on the development of flame-retardant polymeric materials through reactive extrusion processes.

摘要

阻燃高分子材料的发展有两个根源，一是材料设计，二是材料加工。近几十年来，不同类型和类别的阻燃聚合物材料已经商业化，以满足建筑、汽车和涂料行业的安全要求。在绝大多数情况下，可以通过将一种、两种或多种具有相似或不同性质的阻燃剂掺入聚合物中来设计和制造具有低火灾危险的新材料。然而，这些新相的存在，通常在高负载水平下使用，通常会影响聚合物的其他功能特性，例如机械、老化和透明度。使用反应挤出可以部分或完全克服这些限制，这是开发新聚合物或改变现有聚合物化学结构的有前途的工艺。除其他可能性外，反应挤出可用于增强现有聚合物的防火性能或用于合成具有固有阻燃性能的新聚合物。近年来，通过反应挤出开发了几种新的阻燃聚合物，但这些发展尚未系统地描述其技术环境、性能和商业潜力。这篇简短的评论试图对通过反应挤出工艺开发阻燃聚合物材料的现有报告进行概述和分类。反应挤出可用于增强现有聚合物的防火性能或用于合成具有固有阻燃性能的新聚合物。近年来，通过反应挤出开发了几种新的阻燃聚合物，但这些发展尚未系统地描述其技术环境、性能和商业潜力。这篇简短的评论试图对通过反应挤出工艺开发阻燃聚合物材料的现有报告进行概述和分类。反应挤出可用于增强现有聚合物的防火性能或用于合成具有固有阻燃性能的新聚合物。近年来，通过反应挤出开发了几种新的阻燃聚合物，但这些发展尚未系统地描述其技术环境、性能和商业潜力。这篇简短的评论试图对通过反应挤出工艺开发阻燃聚合物材料的现有报告进行概述和分类。但这些发展并没有系统地描述它们的技术环境、特性和商业潜力。这篇简短的评论试图对通过反应挤出工艺开发阻燃聚合物材料的现有报告进行概述和分类。但这些发展并没有系统地描述它们的技术环境、特性和商业潜力。这篇简短的评论试图对通过反应挤出工艺开发阻燃聚合物材料的现有报告进行概述和分类。