mRNA vaccines have brought about a great revolution in the vaccine fields owing to their simplicity and adaptability in antigen design, potential to induce both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses and demonstrated high efficacy, and rapid and low-cost production by using the same manufacturing platform for different mRNA vaccines. Multiple mRNA vaccines have been investigated for both infectious diseases and cancers, showing significant superiority to other types of vaccines. Although great success of mRNA vaccines has been achieved in the control of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, there are still multiple challenges for the future development of mRNA vaccines. In this review, the most recent developments of mRNA vaccines against both infectious diseases and cancers are summarized for an overview of this field. Moreover, the challenges are also discussed on the basis of these developments.

中文翻译：

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mRNA疫苗的现状和挑战

mRNA疫苗因其抗原设计的简单性和适应性、诱导体液和细胞介导的免疫反应的潜力、并在同一生产过程中表现出高效、快速、低成本的生产而给疫苗领域带来了一场伟大的革命。不同 mRNA 疫苗的平台。多种 mRNA 疫苗已针对传染病和癌症进行了研究，显示出明显优于其他类型的疫苗。尽管mRNA疫苗在控制2019冠状病毒病大流行方面取得了巨大成功，但mRNA疫苗的未来发展仍面临多重挑战。在这篇综述中，总结了针对传染病和癌症的 mRNA 疫苗的最新进展，以概述该领域。此外，还根据这些发展讨论了挑战。