For more than 30 years, the posttraumatic model (PTM) and the sociocognitive model (SCM) of dissociation have vied for attention and empirical support. We contend that neither perspective provides a satisfactory account and that dissociation and dissociative disorders (e.g., depersonalization/derealization disorder, dissociative identity disorder) can be understood as failures of normally adaptive systems and functions. We argue for a more encompassing transdiagnostic and transtheoretical perspective that considers potentially interactive variables including sleep disturbances; impaired self-regulation and inhibition of negative cognitions and affects; hyperassociation and set shifts; and deficits in reality testing, source attributions, and metacognition. We present an overview of the field of dissociation, delineate uncontested and converging claims across perspectives, summarize key multivariable studies in support of our framework, and identifyempirical pathways for future research to advance our understanding of dissociation, including studies of highly adverse events and dissociation.

中文翻译：

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重新考虑解离和解离障碍：超越社会认知和创伤模型，迈向跨理论框架

30多年来，创伤后解离模型（PTM）和社会认知模型（SCM）一直在争夺关注和实证支持。我们认为，这两种观点都没有提供令人满意的解释，并且解离和解离性障碍（例如，人格解体/现实解体障碍，解离性身份障碍）可以被理解为正常适应性系统和功能的失败。我们主张采用更具包容性的跨诊断和跨理论视角，考虑潜在的交互变量，包括睡眠障碍；自我调节能力受损以及对负面认知和情感的抑制；超关联和设定转移；以及现实测试、来源归因和元认知方面的缺陷。我们概述了解离领域，从不同角度描述了无争议和趋同的主张，总结了支持我们框架的关键多变量研究，并确定了未来研究的经验路径，以增进我们对解离的理解，包括对高度不良事件和解离的研究。