Defined as congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomic sex is atypical, differences or disorders of sex development (DSDs) comprise many discrete diagnoses ranging from those associated with few phenotypic differences between affected and unaffected individuals to those where questions arise regarding gender of rearing, gonadal tumor risk, genital surgery, and fertility. Controversies exist in numerous areas including how DSDs are conceptualized, how to refer to the set of conditions and those affected by them, and aspects of clinical management that extend from social media to legislative bodies, courts of law, medicine, clinical practice, and scholarly research in psychology and sociology. In addition to these aspects, this review covers biological and social influences on psychosocial development and adjustment, the psychosocial and psychosexual adaptation of people born with DSDs, and roles for clinical psychologists in the clinical management of DSDs.

中文翻译：

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性发育的差异/障碍：性和性别交叉点的医疗状况

性发育差异或障碍 (DSD) 被定义为染色体、性腺或解剖学性别发育不典型的先天性疾病，包括许多离散的诊断，从与受影响个体和未受影响个体之间几乎没有表型差异相关的诊断，到出现以下问题的诊断：抚养性别、性腺肿瘤风险、生殖器手术和生育能力。许多领域都存在争议，包括如何概念化 DSD、如何指代一系列条件和受其影响的条件，以及从社交媒体延伸到立法机构、法院、医学、临床实践和学术界的临床管理方面。研究心理学和社会学。除了这些方面之外，本综述还涵盖了生物和社会对社会心理发展和调整的影响、出生时患有 DSD 的人的社会心理和性心理适应，以及临床心理学家在 DSD 临床管理中的作用。