The genome mining of biosynthetic genes from fungi demonstrates the enormous pharmacological potential that is still little explored. These results have encouraged the scientific community to invest in fungi as a source of innovative alternatives for the treatment of neglected diseases, such as leishmaniasis. Therefore, this work aimed to identify, through a systematic search in the databases of PubMed, Lilacs and Scielo, the existing evidence in the literature regarding the efficacy of the leishmanicidal activity of fungal bioproducts that represent new starting points for the advancement of pharmacotherapy of leishmaniasis. During the search process, 59 articles met all the eligibility criteria and, therefore, were included in this review. The studies demonstrate that different prospecting, cultivation, biotechnological and synthetic modification strategies contribute to the discovery and development of new therapeutic fungal compounds. 39 (66.1%) of the studies presented at least one isolated compound with leishmanicidal activity, while 20 (33.9%) evaluated only crude extracts or semipurified fractions. Terpenes, steroids and quinones were the most prevalent chemical classes among the isolated compounds. There are many studies about active compounds that have been isolated from Penicillium and Aspergillus genera. A large majority (89.8%) of the selected studies been conducted in vitro. Only six studies performed in vivo assay. The species of Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania donovani were the most evaluated. The results support the hypothesis of the pharmacological potential of fungal bioproducts in the treatment of leishmaniasis.

真菌生物合成基因的基因组挖掘展示了巨大的药理潜力，但仍然很少被探索。这些结果鼓励科学界投资真菌作为治疗被忽视疾病（如利什曼病）的创新替代品的来源。因此，这项工作旨在通过对 PubMed、Lilacs 和 Scielo 数据库的系统搜索，确定文献中关于真菌生物产品的利什曼杀灭活性功效的现有证据，这些证据代表了利什曼病药物治疗进步的新起点. 在搜索过程中，有 59 篇文章符合所有资格标准，因此被纳入本次审查。研究表明，不同的勘探、栽培、生物技术和合成修饰策略有助于发现和开发新的治疗性真菌化合物。39 项 (66.1%) 研究提出了至少一种具有杀利什曼原虫活性的分离化合物，而 20 项 (33.9%) 只评估了粗提物或半纯化部分。萜类、类固醇和醌类是分离化合物中最普遍的化学类别。有许多关于活性化合物的研究已经从青霉属和曲霉属。大部分（89.8%）选定的研究是在体外进行的。只有六项研究进行了体内测定。Leishmania amazonensis和Leishmania donovani的物种评价最高。结果支持真菌生物制品在治疗利什曼病中的药理潜力的假设。