Abstract

Genetic resources are the building blocks for aquaculture breeding programs, biotechnology and conservation. The Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol are international frameworks for access and benefit sharing (ABS) concerning: (a) the collection and use of genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge; and (b) sharing the benefits of their use with the provider. ABS laws in African countries increasingly apply to resources and knowledge used throughout the production chain for aquaculture, including genes and gene sequences. This paper reviews ABS legislation and peer-reviewed publications in Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda and Zambia (leading aquaculture countries with ABS laws) to identify key knowledge gaps for ABS and aquaculture. Using a systematic quantitative literature review method and a qualitative analysis, the main findings are that despite established ABS laws in many of the reviewed countries, there are no analyses on the positive or negative effects of these laws for the conservation, sustainable use of genetic resources, digital sequence information and traditional knowledge relevant to aquaculture and the equitable sharing of benefits from their use. These knowledge gaps may significantly undermine the sharing of resources and knowledge necessary for ecologically sustainable aquaculture development in Africa, which is crucial to food security and livelihoods.

摘要

遗传资源是水产养殖育种计划、生物技术和保护的基石。《生物多样性公约》和《名古屋议定书》是获取和惠益分享 (ABS) 的国际框架，涉及： (a) 遗传资源和相关传统知识的收集和使用；(b) 与提供者分享使用它们的好处。非洲国家的获取和惠益分享法律越来越多地适用于整个水产养殖生产链中使用的资源和知识，包括基因和基因序列。本文回顾了肯尼亚、马拉维、坦桑尼亚、乌干达和赞比亚（拥有 ABS 法律的主要水产养殖国家）的 ABS 立法和同行评审出版物，以确定 ABS 和水产养殖的关键知识差距。使用系统的定量文献回顾方法和定性分析，主要发现是尽管许多被审查的国家制定了获取和惠益分享法律，但没有分析这些法律对遗传资源的保护和可持续利用的积极或消极影响、数字序列信息和与水产养殖相关的传统知识以及公平分享其使用带来的惠益。这些知识差距可能会严重破坏非洲生态可持续水产养殖发展所需的资源和知识共享，这对粮食安全和生计至关重要。可持续利用与水产养殖相关的遗传资源、数字序列信息和传统知识，并公平分享其使用带来的惠益。这些知识差距可能会严重破坏非洲生态可持续水产养殖发展所需的资源和知识共享，这对粮食安全和生计至关重要。可持续利用与水产养殖相关的遗传资源、数字序列信息和传统知识，并公平分享其使用带来的惠益。这些知识差距可能会严重破坏非洲生态可持续水产养殖发展所需的资源和知识共享，这对粮食安全和生计至关重要。